Rangkaian Amplifier LA4440

This is the circuit of amplifier using IC LA4440. The amplifier circuit uses very less components but a very high quality with respect to its cost and ideal for beginners.

IC LA 4440 is wired as a bridge amplifier to deliver a 19 W Rms on a 4 Ohm speaker atau 6 W rms jika di fungsikan stereo. The IC has built in thermal over voltage and short circuit protection.The IC also incorporates a audio muting function.

Rangkaian 19 Watt Bridge Amplifier LA4440

Rangkaian 6 Watt Stereo Amplifier LA4440

Note:

• Use a 12 VDC / 3 A power supply, IC LA4440 can with stand up to 18 volts, but I prefer it should not be nothing more than 16V.
• Do not forget to fit a proper heat sink with IC.
• Use a 4 Ohm speaker
  

IC LA4440 Features

• Built-in 2 channels enabling use in stereo and bridgeamplifier applications. (Stereo 6 Watt Bridge : 19W)
• Minimun number of external parts required.
• Small pop noise at the time of power supply ON/OFF and
• good starting balance.
• Good ripple rejection : 46dB (typ.)
• Good channel separation.
• Small residual noise (Rg=0).
• Low distortion over a wide range from low frequencies to high frequencies.
• Easy to design radiator fin.
• Built-in audio muting function.
• Built-in protectors.
• Thermal protector
• Overvoltage, surge voltage protector
• cPin-to-pin short protector

Quick Data IC LA4440

• Maximum supply voltage.............................18 V.
• Allowable power dissipation Pd max............15 W.
• Operating temperature Topr........................–20 to +75.
• Storage temperature Tstg............................–40 to +150.
• Voltage gain VG..........................................49.5 to 53.5.
• Output power PO....................................... Stereo 06 W, Bridge 19 W.
• Input resistance ri ............................. ....... 30kOhm.

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Sistem Minimum Mikrokontroler AT89C51|AT89C52

The minimum system is AT89C51/AT89C52 microcontroller electronic circuits the minimum necessary to the operation of microcontroller IC. This circuit can then be connected to other circuits to perform certain functions or can be added with other complementary circuit to become a more complete system and has more functions.

Rangkaian Sistem Minimum Mikrokontroler
AT89C52|AT89C52

AT89S51/52 microcontroller is the latest version than the AT89C51 microcontroller has been widely used today. AT89S52 microcontroller is a CMOS 8-bit microcomputers with 8KB Flash Programmable and Erasable Read Only Memory (PEROM). Mikrokontroler tech non-volatile memory of the Atmel Cleaner density is, compatible with industry standard microcontroller MCS-51, either pin IC and the instruction set and the price is quite cheap. Therefore, it is precisely when we study this type of microcontroller.

Important specifications owned AT89S52 Microcontroller:

• Compatible with previous MCS51 microcontroller family
• 8 K Bytes • In system programmable (ISP) flash memory with capacity 1000 times read / write
• 4-labor voltage 5.0V
• Working with a range of 0 - 33MHz
• Internal RAM 256x8 bits
• 32 channels of I / 0 may be programmed
• 3 pieces 16-bit Timer / Counter
• 8 interrupt sources
• Full duplex serial channel UART
• watchdog timer
• Dual data pointers
• ISP programming mode flexible (Byte and Page Mode)

Pinning Mikrokontroler AT89C52|AT89C52

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Rangkaian Downloader/Programmer AT89S51/AT89S52

Atmel is a product AT89S51/AT89S52 that quite a lot in the market with a price of less than 20 thousand rupiah. To start learning mikrokontroler type 89S51 this we need a programmer And Rangkaian Downloader. Programmer is a hardware device that is used to enter the machine language program code compilation that we write to in mikrokontroler.

Gambar Skema Rangkaian Downloader AT89S51/AT89S52

picture above shows the circuit diagram of the in-system programmer interface, the power to the interface is provided by the target system. The 74HCT541 ic isolate and buffer the parallel port signals. It is necessary to use the HCT type ic in order to make sure the programmer should also work with 3V type parallel port.

Skema rangkaian downloader ini can be use to program the 89S series devices and the AVR series devices which are pin compatible to 8051, like 90S8515. For other AVR series devices the user can make an adapter board for 20, 28 and 40 pin devices. The pin numbers shown in brackets correspond to PC parallel port
connector.

Software ISP

The ISP-30a.zip file contains the main program and the i / o port driver. Place all files in the same folder. The main screen view of the program is shown in the picture below.


Following are the main features of this software,

• Read /write the Intel Hex file
• Read the signature, lock and fuse bits
• Clear/Fill memory buffer
• Verify with memory buffer
• Reload current Hex File
• Display buffer checksum
• Program selected lock bits & fuses
• Auto detection of hardware

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Decoder 4 Bit to 16 Line

Decoder 4 bit to 16 line HCC4514B/HCC4515B are monolithic integrated circuits available in 24-lead dual in-line plastic or ceramic package and plastic micro package. The HCC/HCF4514B/4515B consisting of a 4-bit strobed latch and a 4 to 16 line decoder. The latches hold the last input data presented prior to the strobe transition from 1 to 0.Inhibit control allows all outputs to be placed at HCC/HCF4514B/4515B regardless of thestateofthedata or strobe inputs. The decode truth table indicates all combinations of data inputs and appropriate selected outputs.

Decoder 4 Bit to 16 Line HCC4514B/HCC4515B

Absolute maximum rating HCC4514B/HCC4515B decoder 4 bit to 16 line

• Supply Voltage: 0.5 to + 18 V
• Input Voltage: 0.5 to VDD + 0.5 V
• Total Power Dissipation (per package): 100 mW
• Operating Temperature : 40 to + 85 C
• Storage Temperature – 65 to + 150 C

Note:
Stresses above those listed under ”Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational sections

decoder Logic diagram

truth table IC decoder HCC4514B/HCC4515B

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3 Bit to 8 Line Demultiplexer (Dekoder)

Demultiplexer or decoders are devices that have the function desired output selection is adjusted to a predetermined input. At the decoder if input as an example of three input a1, a2 and a3, then the output will be produced 2 ^ 3 = 8 output (b1, b2, b3, b4, b5, b6, b7 and B8).

In the picture below shows an example in the specification demultiplexer using TTL IC 74HC237

74HC237 demultiplexer Logic diagram

The 74HC237 is a 3-to-8 line demultiplexer with latches at the three address inputs The 74HC237 essentially combines the 3-to-8 decoder function with a 3-bit storage latch. When the latch is enabled (LE = LOW), the 74HC237 acts as a 3-to-8 active LOW decoder. When the latch enable (LE) goes from LOW-to-HIGH, the last data present at the inputs before this transition, is stored in the latches. Further address changes are ignored as long as LE remains HIGH.

The output enable input (E1 and E2) controls the state of the outputs independent of the address inputs or latch operation. All outputs are HIGH unless E1 is LOW and E2 is HIGH.

truth table IC 74HC237 demultiplexer

Pinning IC 74HC237

Quick reference data demultiplexer 74HC237

• supply voltage: 0.5 +7 V
• input diode current: ±20 mA
• output diode current: ±20 mA
• output source or sink current: ±25 mA
• storage temperature: 65 +150 °C
• power dissipation: 750 mW

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Mode Pengalamatan ATMEL AT89S51/AT89S52

Mode Pengalamatan Microcontroller AT89S51/AT89S52

All the family members of ATMEL Microcontroller 89S51/52 have the same instruction set. This instruction set has been optimized for 8-bit control applications, and provide a variety of fast addressing modes for accessing the internal RAM and external RAM

Addressing mode 89S51/52 ATMEL Microcontroller family is as follows

Immediate Addressing

Immediate addressing is so-named because the value to be stored in memory immediately follows the operation code in memory. That is to say, the instruction itself dictates what value will be stored in memory.

Example:

• MOV A, # 1AH ; Fill in the accumulator with data 1AH
• MOV DPTR, # 10H ; Fill in the register DPTR with data 10H
• MOV R1, #30H ; Fill in the register R1 with data 30H

Direct Addressing

Direct addressing is so-named because the value to be stored in memory is obtained by directly retrieving it from another memory location.

Example:

• MOV A,15H ; Read the data Internal RAM address 15 H and store it in the Accumulator.
• MOV 90H, A, Read the data Accumulator and store it in the SFR/Port (whose address 90H)

Indirect Addressing

In Indirect Addressing, Operands pointing to a register that contains the memory address location to be used in the operation. To implement the indirect addressing used symbol @. Addressing this type usually used for writing, transfer or reading some data in memory locations. AT89C51 has a 16-bit register (DPTR) which can be used to perform indirect addressing

Example:

• ADD, A, R1 ; Add data internal RAM which is found at the address indicated by R1 into the data accumulator
• DEC @ R1 ; Reduce the contents of RAM address indicated by the register R1
• MOVX, ADPTR, A ; read data Accumulator and store it in the external memory location indicated by DPTR

Bit Addressing

Bit addressing is the appointment of bit locations address both the internal RAM or hardware using the symbol dot (.).

Example:

• SETB p1.7; Set port 1.7 bits active
• SETB TR1: Set TR1 (Timer 1 active)

Operator

Operators used to perform action arithmetic, logic shifting bits and others at the Operands. Some operators are available including
Arithmetic operators

• * For multiplication
• / For division
• + For addition
• - For subtraction

Example: MOV A, # 25H +3 H

Operator Logic

• Poerasi OR to OR
• AND to AND operation
• XOR to XOR operations
• EXOR for EXOR operation
• NOT to invert operation

Example: MOV A, # 20H OR 40H; equal to MOV A, # 60H

Special Operations

• Shr 16 ; bit shift to right
• SHL 16 ; bit shift to the left
• HIGH ; bits select the bag
• LOW ; select the lower bit
• EQ = equal to
• NET <> ; is not equal to
• Fl <= ; less than or equal to · GT> more
• GE> = ; greater than or equal to

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