Bentuk Box|Kotak Speaker Yang baik

In addition to Volume speaker kotak|box, box shape also affect the sound in the generate. To get a box the size of the speakers can be read here.

form of box speakers(Bentuk Box) in the book actually does not have a written rule., But from some research done by the experts, form the most easily made with the results of which are quite good in terms of four and the worst in the form of a cube which is the size of all high, kedalamannya width and the same.

In addition to form, the use of bracing on the inside of the box is also highly recommended. Bracing as the brace is working out of the box as a deterrent and the occurrence of vertical waves (standing waves) that can disrupt the sound generated by the speaker. Vertical waves this can be overcome with the use of bracing and the use of glass wool reducer such as foam or the many available in the shops that sell electronic components. Installation glass wool should be thick on the walls in each box except the front wall of the reducer does not need to be coated. Too much of the reducer can be adjusted with any taste. If the bass sound produced is too hard, so should be added peredamnya but if sound basnya too teredam or even nearly lost, the need to reduced.

For comparison demensi length - width - depth and, some experts suggest a ratio (comparison) in order to obtain the right shower sound good. Suggest that there are 2.6: 1.6: 1 and have also suggested a comparison of 2: 1.4: 1

For example, for the volume of 15 liters, then we can specify the size of a high - width-depth with the ratio 2: 1: 1.4 as follows:

Specified width of 18 cm (1), high 18 cm x 2 = 36 cm (2), depth 18 cm x 1.4 = 25 cm .. Please note, this is the size of the box, so not including the thickness of the box to make.

Thickness of wood to be used should be used over a thickness of 1.5 cm is intended to get a strong box and vibration free. Wood is commonly used particle board or MDF, or the call type multiplek. Installation of speakers in the box is also important to consider. If possible, have well made the box so that the average speaker chassis with box or flush mounting is called normal. This is a very big influence on the emission of sound determine the quality of sound produced.

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Lampu Flip-Flop 2 transistor

Skema Rangkaian Of flip-flop lights These are so simple to use as match practice for learning electronics. For more details, please see the direct image bundle its schemes under the

Gbr. Skema Rangkaian Lampu Flip-Flop

components List:

• R1, R3: 22 kohm
• R2, R4: 150 ohm
• TR1, TR2: FCS913
• C1, C2: 47 volt uF/16
• Source Voltage: 3 to 12 Volt

Rangkaian of lights or fold some of the usual call to the Lamp is a flirtatious multivibrator-astabil (unstable multivibrator). Transistor in the second set of this stuff to dispatch and in turn so that the LED D1 and D2 will turn on and off alternately. Flame-speed turn off the LED is determined by the size of the capacitors C1 and C2. The greater the value of the capacitor will slowly change the frequency of the second flame-out LED lights. With the value of C1 = C2 then LED1 and LED2 akan flame-out with the same frequency.

The required voltage is 9 VDC. If using a 3 Volt power portion (2 pieces battery 1.5 Volt), R1 and R2 can be omitted and the LED cathode feet each connect directly to the collectors of transistors foot related.

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Rangkaian UPS sedehana

Uninterruptible power supply (UPS), also known as a battery back-up, provides emergency power and, depending on the topology, line regulation as well to connected equipment by supplying power from a separate source when utility power is not available. It differs from an auxiliary or emergency power system or standby generator, which does not provide instant protection from a momentary power interruption. A UPS, however, can be used to provide uninterrupted power to equipment, typically for 5–15 minutes until an auxiliary power supply can be turned on, utility power restored, or equipment safely shut down.

While not limited to safeguarding any particular type of equipment, a UPS is typically used to protect computers, data centers, telecommunication equipment or other electrical equipment where an unexpected power disruption could cause injuries, fatalities, serious business disruption or data loss.

picture below is a simple series of UPS. This series UPS has a power of 60W (if the transformer is used more, the power output of the UPS is also greater).

Gambar Skema Rangkaian UPS

description :
Transformer: Min 4 ampere or more
Diode|Dioda: Min 5 ampere or more
Irfz 44: Paste cooling plate

When normal PLN Electricity, of the adapter (the series of the most left) will produce voltage 12 - 13 volt / 5 ampaere. This voltage is used to fill mengoprasikan UPS batery and therefore this UPS if you plan to load a higher modifikasilah of this series that have a higher ampere. PLN electricity when dead, the source voltage in the switch to akan bateray

When electricity PLN suppressed, the source voltage will switch to the battery. ups that may be living longer while the power off, use battery who have ampere / hour high (large) or can also install some of the ways in parallel battery

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Remote Control infra Merah Sederhana

By using the NE 555 and LM 567, we can make the system infra red remote control. Remote control works based on this reading frequency signal that is sent, so that the transmitter frequency signal must be the same as the receive frequency. Frequency on the remote control transmitter is determined by the value R1 and C1 based on the following equation:

Skema Rangkaian Remote Control Transmitter

As mentioned above, the remote control must have the same frequency with the frequency transmitted by the transmitter chain. Recipient of this frequency range can be determined with the following equation:

Skema Rangkaian penerima Remote Control

To simplify the process of tunning, R1 at the recipient install a remote control in the variable resistor (VR). while the transmitter constant value (resisitor tetep / normal). If a circuit of remote control has been completed on the raft, to know whether a circuit of working well, the first step must be done is make tunning, with the transmitter is turned on continuously, while R1 is set so that the recipient can detect the signal transmitter. If the tuning is successful, the relay recipient akan romote control switch position (nye-Tech), when it has happened means that a circuit of remote control is working well. to the next can try pressing the switch on the remote control at the sender (transmitter). should switch on when the press kutup relay at the remote recipients will move kutup (nye-Tech).

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How to use the ADC 0808/0809

The specification of the ADC0809, total unadjusted error ± 1.2 LSB and ± 1 LSB with the resolution 8 bits, and have a conversion time 100ms and share resources that are used with a +5 volt, power 15mW, with the specifications of the ADC is what the ADC is easy to use interface in different series, just on a series of ADC is the need of adding a series of clock

Configuration of ADC 0808/0809

Configuration of the pin ADC0809 indicated that there were 28 units where the pins of each pin on the ADC function: Pin 8,14,15,17,18,19,20,21 digital data output is a result of conversion of the A DC where the eighth output can be directly connected to the data bus.
and pin 1,2,3,4,5,26,27,28 is the pin input, that there is a 8-pin or 8 input channels, this is the pin on the analog signal is converted will linked, while the pin is a pin 23,24,25 A, B, C that functions as a selector input lines which will be converted, and a pins as well as other ADC0804, so that input can be converted eight following truth table:

Channel yang dipilih	Jalur lamat
IN0	C	B	A
IN1	L	L	L
IN2	L	L	H
IN3	L	H	H
IN4	H	L	L
IN5	H	L	H
IN6	H	H	L
IN7	H	H	H

Truth Table ADC 0809

0809 ADC input must be analog voltage output from the sensor to its magnitude usually ranges from 0-5V.

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Simple circuit of elektronic buzzer

Gbr. Skema Rangkaian Elektronic buzzer

Simple Electronic buzzer series is a series that only use 2 resistor, 3 capacitor , NE555 Chip, switch, and speaker. string up series of simple electronic buzzer is also very easy and simple. IC NE555 is the frequency of 1 kHz when the switch is pressed. This frequency can be set using the potensiometer 10 KOhm. Picture a series of simple electronic buzzer can be seen above:


IC NE555

555 timer IC provides practical solutions and relatively inexpensive for a variety of electronic applications related to the timing (timing). Especially two of the most popular application is a series of monostable and astable timing.

• Pin 1: Ground, is the input pin of the source of the negative DC voltage
• Pin 2: trigger, negative input from the lower comparators (comparator B) that maintain oscillation capacitor voltage in the lowest 1 / 3 Vcc and set RS flip-flop
• Pin 3: output, the output pin of the IC 555.
• Pin 4: reset, the pin that serves to reset the latch inside the IC to be influential to reset the IC work. This pin is connected to a PNP-type transistor gate, so the transistor will be active if given a logic low. Normally this pin is connected directly to Vcc to prevent reset
• Pin 5: control voltage, this pin serves to regulate the stability of the reference voltage negative input (comparator A). This pin can be left hanging, but to ensure the stability of the reference comparator A, usually associated with a capacitor of about 10nF to berorde pin groun
• Pin 6: threshold, this pin is connected to the positive input (comparator A) which will reset the RS flip-flop when the voltage on the capacitor from exceeding 2 / 3 Vc
• Pin 7: discharge, this pin is connected to an open collector transistor Q1 is connected to ground emitternya. Switching transistor serves to clamp the corresponding node to ground on the timing of certain
• Pin 8: vcc, pin it to receive a DC voltage supply. Usually will work optimally if given a 5-15V. the current supply can be seen in the datasheet, which is about 10-15mA.

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