Video Cara Mudah membuat PCB

How to make PCBs below my experience is the most practical, but the cost is very low, the result is no less attractive and neat compared to using the media Transfer Paper (original) the price quite expensive or printing etc that would be more complicated. Most of my friends probably already familiar with this method, but for others it never hurts to be used as an alternative.

Its very simple! watch the below video! What you all need is a circuit diagram, copper clads, sand papers, a printer, computer & an iron! You are done! I will explain the entire process later in words!

Video membuat PCB using Printer-leser

This video sows How to etch PCB using Ferric Chloride. You can do this in home in a simple way. Me too have done etching in home using Ferric Choride before & I am sure you will love this post.



Video membuat PCB using Ferric Chloride

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Rangkaian Control Lampu Jalan Dengan LDR

This circuit is of a street light that automatically switches ON when the night falls and turns off when the sun rises. In fact you can this circuit for implementing any type of automatic night light. This circuit can be used to control lights or other electrical equipment with large power to hundreds of watts

The circuit used an LDR to sense the light . When there is light the resistance of LDR will be low. So the voltage drop across POT R2 will be high. This keeps the transistor Q1 ON. The collector of Q1(BC107) is coupled to base of Q2(SL100). So Q2 will be OFF and so do the relay. The bulb will remain OFF.

When night falls the resistance of LDR increases to make the voltage across the POT R2 to decrease below 0.6V. This makes transistor Q1 OFF which in turn turs ON Q2.The relay will be energized and the bulb will glow.

Skema rangkaian control lampu jalan dengan LDR

* POT R2 can be used to adjust the sensitivity of the circuit.
* You can use bulb of any wattage ,provided that relay should have the sufficient rating.
* The circuit can be powered from a regulated 9V DC power supply.
* Click Here! to get the power supply circuit for this project.
* The relay K1 can be a 9V SPDT relay.

A bout LDR ( Light Dependent Resistor )

Working principle of LDR is the LDR resistance will change with changes in light intensity about it. In the dark resistance of LDR about 10MΩ and in light of 1KΩ or less. LDR is made from semiconductor materials such as cadmium sulfide. With this material the energy of the light that falls cause more load to the electric current is released or increased. This means that the material resistance has decreased.

LDR ( Light Dependent Resistor ) pic

LDR is used to convert light energy into electrical energy. Automatic light switches and burglar alarms are a few examples of tools that use the LDR. However, because the response to light is slow, LDR is not used in situations where the intensity of light changed drastically.

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Power Amplifier Sanken 1000 watt

This is a circuit of 1000watt power amplifier. This time I don't have a picture to the circuit board, but because the amplifier circuit is quite simple, you can design it yourself PCB easily or you can order it at the store PCB audio kit in the center of electronic singosaren oriental, solo.

Skema Rangkaian Sanken 1000 watt

The assemble cables for DC power supply and output transistors must be large, use size 1.5-3mm for large current passed. The supply used transformer with 20A/45Ct and at least 4x10000uf/80 volt capasitor. this circuit is able to supply power 10000watt therefore the power transistor will be very hot, give good cooling fan on the power transisitor

Transitor alternative to replacement of the 2SA1494 is 2SA1216 From SANKEN. The transistor has a 200-350 watt power dissipation of each pair so that for long-term operation of more durable. Keep in mind, usually sold a pair of power transistors with its complement, so you can not buy 2SC2922 alone without 2SA1216 or 2SA1494 without 2SC3858. The price range for transitor tsb is 30-40 thousand Rupiah / pair.

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Rangkaian Saklar sentuh Berbasis IC 555

Saklar sentuh Berbasis IC 555

This is the simple circuit of diagram of a small touch using IC NE 555 . This circuit is ideally useful for making touch operated doorbells, buzzers, toys etc which when touched on the touch plate operates the relay for a preset time and the turns off automatically.

the circuit is realized by utilizing the high input impedance of trigger pin of the IC 555. When the IC is triggered by the induced voltage of human body the output goes high for a time determined by R1 and C1. The transistor is used to drive the relay. The relay contacts can be used to drive the load like bell, motor , lights etc.

To setup the circuit connect to power supply and adjust R1 while keeping touching on the touch plate. Stop at the point where relay activates.If relay is in the activated state initially then do the same until the relay is deactivated.

Skema rangkaian saklar sentuh Berbasis IC 555

functions of each pin IC 555

1. Ground, is the input pin of the source of the negative DC voltage
2. trigger, negative input from the lower comparators (comparator B) that maintain oscillation capacitor voltage in the lowest 1 / 3 Vcc and set RS flip-flop
3. output, the output pin of the IC 555.
4. reset, the pin that serves to reset the latch inside the IC to be influential to reset the IC work. This pin is connected to a PNP-type transistor gate, so the transistor will be active if given a logic low. Normally this pin is connected directly to Vcc to prevent reset
5. control voltage, this pin serves to regulate the stability of the reference voltage negative input (comparator A). This pin can be left hanging, but to ensure the stability of the reference comparator A, usually associated with a capacitor of about 10nF to berorde pin groun
6. threshold, this pin is connected to the positive input (comparator A) which will reset the RS flip-flop when the voltage on the capacitor from exceeding 2 / 3 Vc
7. discharge, this pin is connected to an open collector transistor Q1 is connected to ground emitternya. Switching transistor serves to clamp the corresponding node to ground on the timing of certain
8. vcc, pin it to receive a DC voltage supply. Usually will work optimally if given a 5-15V. the current supply can be seen in the datasheet, which is about 10-15mA.

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Rangkaian Fan Control suhu otomatis

This circuit of automatic Control suhu is based on two transistors that can be used to control the speed of a 12 V DC fan depending on the temperature (suhu). A thermistor (R1) is used to sense the temperature. When the temperature increases the base current of Q1 (BC 547) increases which in turn decreases the collector voltage of the same transistor. Since the collector of Q1 is coupled to the base of Q2 (BD 140), the decrease in collector voltage of Q1 forward biases the Q2 more and so do the speed of the motor. Also, the brightness of the LED will be proportional to the speed of the motor.

Skema rangkaian fan control suhu otomatis

Note:

• R1 can be a 15K @ 20°C ,N.T.C thermistor.
• M1: DC Fan 12V,700mA fan motor.
• Capacitor C1 must be rated 25V.
• The circuit can be powered from a 12V PP3 battery or 12V DC power supply.

About thermistor

The standard leaded thermistors are calibrated and tested at 20 °C to a tolerance of ± 5 % or ± 10 %; however, tighter tolerance, point matched thermistors are readily available as are special point match temperatures to fit your application. Since these thermistors have only one controlled point of reference (the point match temperature), the resistance at other
temperatures is given by the “Resistance vs. Temperature Conversion Tables” for the appropriate material curve. The resistance value at any temperature is the ratio factor times the resistance at 25 °C. The resistance vs. temperature conversion tables can
be found at: www.vishay.com/doc?33004 and www.vishay.com/doc?33011.

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Rangkaian Termometer Digital

This circuit uses IC LM 35 to sense the temperature. output of LM 35 is given to the IC ADC 0804 (IC4) which converts the analog output of the LM 35 to digital output. The ADC 0804 is a 8 bit ADC .Eight LED’s are connected to the output of ADC to show the output logic.If needed the LED’s can be avoided and the output can be connected to any suitable external circuit like temperature controller etc.A 5V fixed voltage regulator based on 7805 (IC1) powers the circuit.Another variable voltage regulator based on LM317(IC2) is used to provide the reference voltage to the ADC 0804.

Skema rangkaian termometer digital

Notes:

• POT R10 can be used to adjust the scale factor of the ADC. The reference voltage at pin 7 of ADC0804 should be 2.5 V for full scale.
• IC1: 7805, IC2: LM317, IC3: LM35, IC4 ADC0804
• D1 TO D8: DIODE LED, R2 TO R8: 1K 1/2 WATT RESISTOR

Spesifikasi IC LM35

The LM35 series are precision integrated-circuit temperature sensors, whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the Celsius (Centigrade) temperature. The LM35 thus has an advantage over linear temperature sensors calibrated in ° Kelvin, as the user is not required to subtract a large constant voltage from its output to obtain convenient Centigrade scaling. The LM35 does not require any external calibration or trimming to provide typical accuracies of ±¼°C at room temperature and ±¾°C over a full -55 to +150°C temperature range. Low cost is assured by trimming and calibration at the wafer level. The LM35's low output impedance, linear output, and precise inherent calibration make interfacing to readout or control circuitry especially easy. It can be used with single power supplies, or with plus and minus supplies. As it draws only 60 µA from its supply, it has very low self-heating, less than 0.1°C in still air. The LM35 is rated to operate over a -55° to +150°C temperature range, while the LM35C is rated for a -40° to +110°C range (-10° with improved accuracy). The LM35 series is available packaged in hermetic TO-46 transistor packages, while the LM35C, LM35CA, and LM35D are also available in the plastic TO-92 transistor package. The LM35D is also available in an 8-lead surface mount small outline package and a plastic TO-220 package.




Feature IC LM35

•Calibrated directly in ° Celsius (Centigrade)
•Linear + 10.0 mV/°C scale factor
•0.5°C accuracy guaranteeable (at +25°C)
•Rated for full -55° to +150°C range
•Suitable for remote applications
•Low cost due to wafer-level trimming
•Operates from 4 to 30 volts
•Less than 60 µA current drain
•Low self-heating, 0.08°C in still air
•Nonlinearity only ±¼°C typical
•Low impedance output, 0.1 Ohm for 1 mA load

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