Rangkaian Pendeteksi Metal

This is a metal detector circuit used IC CS209A . A 100uH coil is used to sense the presence of metal. The IC CS209A has a built in oscillator circuit and the coil L1 forms a part of its external LC circuit which determines the frequency of oscillation. The inductance of the coil change in the presence of metals and the resultant change in oscillation is demodulated to create an alarm. The LED gives a visual indication too. This circuit can sense metals up to a distance of few inches.

Skema Rangkaian Pendeteksi Metal

Note:
The switch S1 can be a slide type ON/OFF switch.
The POT R1 can be used to adjust the sensitivity of the circuit.



IC CS209A Description

The CS209A is a bipolar monolithic integrated circuit for use in metal detection (Pendeteksi Metal)/ proximity sensing applications. The IC (see block diagram) contains two on-chip current regulators, oscillator and low-level feedback circuitry, peak detection/demodulation circuit, a comparator and two complementary output stages.

The oscillator, along with an external LC network, provides controlled oscillations
where amplitude is highly dependent on the Q of the LC tank. During low Q conditions, a variable low-level feedback circuit provides drive to maintain oscillation. The peak demodulator senses the negative portion of the oscillator envelop and provides a demodulated waveform as input to the comparator. The comparator sets the states of the complementary outputs by comparing the input from the demodulator to an internal reference. External loads are required for the output pins. A transient suppression circuit is included to absorb negative transients

Lay out IC CS209A and diagram blog IC CS209A

Absolute Maximum Ratings
Supply Voltage ................................................................................................24V
Power Dissipation (TA = 125¡C).............................................................200mW
Storage Temperature Range ....................................................Ð55¡C to +165¡C
Junction Temperature...............................................................Ð40¡C to +150¡C
Electrostatic Discharge (except TANK pin) ................................................2kV
Lead Temperature Soldering
Wave Solder(through hole styles only) ...........10 sec. max, 260¡C peak
Reflow (SMD styles only) ...........60 sec. max above 183¡C, 230¡C peak

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Rangkaian Pre-Amp Sepul Gitar

This is a pre-amp guitar circuit suitable for high impedance type electric guitar pickups. The circuit is based on a uA 741 op-amp (IC1). The IC1 is wired as a non-inverting amplifier. Resistor Variable R1 can be used as a volume controller. Resistor Variable R6 can be used as tone controller. The switch S1 is used to produce “brilliant” or “soft” tonal effects.

Skema rangkaian Pre-Amp sepul gitar

Description Op-Amp UA741

The UA741 is a high performance monolithic operational amplifier constructed on a single silicon chip. It is intented for a wide range of analog applications.

* Summing amplifier
* Voltage follower
* Integrator
* Active filter
* Function generator

The high gain and wide range of operating voltages provide superior performances in integrator, summing amplifier and general feedback applications. The internal compensation network (6dB/ octave) insures stability in closed loop circuits.

Data max Ic UA741

* Symbol Parameter UA741M UA741I UA741C Unit
* Supply voltage (VCC) ±22 V
* Differential Input Voltage (Vid ) ±30 V
* Input Voltage (Vi ) ±15 V
* Power Dissipation (Ptot) 500 mW
* Storage Temperature Range (Tstg) -65 to +150 °C.

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Rangkaian Bell Pintu Rumah

This is a doorbell circuit use IC NE555.When some one presses switch S1 momentarily, the loud speaker sounds a bell tone as long as the time period of the monostable multivibrator (IC1). When the switch S1 pressed, IC1 is triggered at its pin 2 and output pin 3 goes high for a time period previously set by the values of POT R4 and POT R5.When the output of IC1 goes high it resets IC2 and it starts to oscillate to make a bell sound through the speaker.The IC2 is configured as an astable multivibrator whose oscillation frequency can be varied with the help of POT R5.By adjusting the values of R4 & R5, modifications on the tone are possible.

Skema rangkaian bell pintu

IC NE555 description

The NE555 monolithic timing circuit is a highly stable controller capable of producing accurate time delays or oscillation. In the time delay mode of operation, the time is precisely controlled by one external resistor and capacitor. For a stable operation as an oscillator, the free running frequency and the duty cycle are both accurately controlled with two external resistors and one capacitor. The circuit may be triggered and reset on falling waveforms, and the output structure can source or sink up to 200mA. The NE555 is available in plastic and ceramic minidip package and in a 8-lead micropackage and in metal can package version.

Lay out and diagram IC NE555

Pin connnections IC NE555

1 - GND
2 - Trigger
3 - Output
4 - Reset
5 - Control voltage
6 - Threshold
7 - Discharge
8 – VCC

Absolute maximum ratings
Supply Voltage: 18 V
Operating Free Air Temperature Range for NE555: 0 to 70 oC
Junction Temperature 150 oC
Storage Temperature Range –65 to 150 oC.
.

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Rangkaian Penerima Radio Fm Sederhana

Here is a FM radio circuit using IC7400. IC TDA7000 is a monolithic integrated circuit for mono FM portable radios, where a minimum on peripheral components is crucial. The IC TDA7000 has a Frequency-Locked-Loop system with an intermediate frequency of 70 kHz. The intermediate frequency selectivity is achieved by active RC filters. The only function which needs alignment is the resonant circuit for the oscillator, thus selecting the reception frequency. Spurious reception is avoided by means of a mute circuit, which also eliminates too noisy input signals. Special steps are taken to meet the radiation requirements

Skema Rangkaian Penerima Radio Fm

• L1 and L2 wind 5 turns of 0.6 mm enameled Copper wire on a 4 mm dia plastic former.


IC TDA7000 Description

The TDA7000 is a monolithic integrated circuit for mono FM portable radios, where a minimum on peripheral components is important (small dimensions and low costs).
The IC has an FLL (Frequency-Locked-Loop) system with an intermediate frequency of 70 kHz. The i.f. selectivity is obtained by active RC filters. The only function which needs alignment is the resonant circuit for the oscillator, thus selecting the reception frequency. Spurious reception is avoided by means of a mute circuit, which also eliminates too noisy input signals. Special precautions are taken to meet the radiation requirements.

Lay out IC TDA7000

Data IC TDA7000

Supply voltage range: 2,7 to 10 V
Supply current : 8 mA
R.F. input frequency range: 1,5 to 110 MHz
Sensitivity for -3 dB limiting
• (e.m.f. voltage)
• (source impedance: 75 Ohm mute disabled) EMF: 1,5 uV
Signal handling (e.m.f. voltage)
• (source impedance: 75 Ohm) EMF typ. 200 mV
A.F. output voltage at RL = 22 kOhm75 Mv

Supply voltage: max. 12 V
Oscillator voltage: 0,5 to VP0,5 V
Storage temperature 55 to 150 C
Operating ambient temperature 0 to 60 C.
.

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Rangkaian Sensor Parkir Mobil

This is circuit can be used for sensing the distance between the rear bumper of the car and any obstacle behind the car. The distance can be understood from the combination of the LEDs (D5 to D7) glowing. At 25cm D7 will glow, at 20 cm D7&D6 will glow and at 5cm D7, D6 and D5 will glow. When the obstacle is beyond 25 cm none of the above LEDs will glow.

Skema rangkaian receiver sensor parkir mobil

Skema rangkaian transmitter sensor parkir mobil

Note:

• D1 & D2 must be mounted close (~2cm)
• D1 can be a general purpose IR LED.
• D2 can be general purpose IR photo diode with sun filter.
• Transmitter as well as receiver can be powered from the car battery.
• For proper working of the circuit, some trial and error is needed with the position of D1 and D2 on the dash board.

Two ICs are used in the circuit. The IC1 (NE555) is wired as an astable multivibrator for driving the IR Diode D1 to emit IR pulses. The operating frequency of the transmitter is set to be 120Hz.The IR pulses transmitted by D1 will be reflected by the obstacle and received by the D2 (IR photo diode).The received signal will be amplified by IC2a.The peak of the amplified signal will be detected by the diode D4 and capacitor C4.R5 and R6 compensates the forward voltage drop of D4.The output voltage of the peak detector will be proportional to the distance between car’s bumper and obstacle. The output of peak detector is given to the inputs of the other three comparators IC2b,IC2c and IC2d inside the IC2(LM324).The comparators switch the status LEDs according to the input voltage their inverting inputs and reference voltages at their non inverting inputs. Resistances R7 to R10 are used to set the reference voltages for the comparators.

Lay out IC LM324

Features

Internally frequency compensated for unity gain
Large DC voltage gain 100 dB
Wide bandwidth (unity gain) 1 MHz (temperature compensated)
Wide power supply range:Single supply 3V to 32V or dual supplies ±1.5V to ±16V
Very low supply current drain (700 μA)—essentially
independent of supply voltage
Low input biasing current 45 nA (temperature compensated)
Low input offset voltage 2 mV and offset current: 5 nA
Input common-mode voltage range includes ground
Differential input voltage range equal to the power supply voltage
Large output voltage swing 0V to V+ − 1.5V.
.

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Rangkaian 100 watt Sub-Woofer Amplifier

This is the circuit of subwoofer amplifier. This amplifier can produce an output of 100Watt. There are seven transistors including four in the output stage. The transistors Q1 and Q2 form the preamplifier stage. Transistors Q4 to Q7 form the output stage. Since no ICs are used the circuit is very robust and can be easily assembled on a general purpose PCB.

Skema rangkaian 100 watt sub-woofer amplifier

Note:
Use powered a +35V/-35V, 5A dual power supply.
All electrolytic capacitors must be rated 100V.
The transistor Q4 to Q7 must be fitted with heat sinks.


Transistor 2N3773 and 2N6609

Transistor 2N3773 (NPN) and (PNP) 2N6609 are PowerBase_ power transistors designed for high power audio, disk head positioners and other linear applications. These devices can also be used in power switching circuits such as relay or solenoid drivers, DC−DC converters or inverters.


Features Transistor 2N3773

Pb−Free Packages are Available
High Safe Operating Area (100% Tested) 150 W @ 100 V
Completely Characterized for Linear Operation
High DC Current Gain and Low Saturation Voltage
hFE = 15 (Min) @ 8.0 A, 4.0 V
VCE(sat) = 1.4 V (Max) @ IC = 8.0 A, IB = 0.8 A
For Low Distortion Complementary Designs


MAXIMUM RATINGS Transistor 2N3773

Collector − Emitter Voltage: 140 Vdc
Collector − Emitter Voltage: 160 Vdc
Collector − Base Voltage:160 Vdc
Emitter − Base Voltage: 7 Vdc
Collector Current Continuous: 16 Adc
Base Current Continuous 15 Adc
Total Power Dissipation : 150 Watt.
.

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