60 Watt Guitar Amplifier + Tone Control

Rangkaian Guitar Amplifier + Tone Control

The following is a circuit of amplifiers are equipped with the appropriate regulatory tone in use to strengthen the electric guitar, using a single-rail supply of about 60V and capacitor-coupling for the speaker . The advantages for a guitar amplifier are the very simple circuitry, even for comparatively high power outputs, and a certain built-in degree of loudspeaker protection, due to capacitor C8, preventing the voltage supply to be conveyed into loudspeakers in case of output transistors' failure.

Skema Rangkaian Guitar Amplifier + Tone Control

In all cases where Darlington transistors are used as the output devices it is essential that the sensing transistor (Q2) should be in as close thermal contact with the output transistors as possible. Therefore a TO126-case transistor type was chosen for easy bolting on the heatsink, very close to the output pair

R30 must be trimmed in order to measure about half the voltage supply across the positive lead of C7 and ground. A better setting can be done using an oscilloscope, in order to obtain a symmetrical clipping of the output wave form at maximum output power

Note:
To set quiescent current, tide ampare meter in series between supplay with this series, then do the following

• Set the volume control to the minimum and Trimmer R3 to its minimum resistance.
• Power-on the circuit and adjust R3 to read a current drawing of about 30 to 35mA.
• Wait about 15 minutes, watch if the current is varying and readjust if necessary.

List component

R1,R2______________68K 1/4W Resistors
R3________________680K 1/4W Resistor
R4________________220K 1/4W Resistor
R5_________________33K 1/4W Resistor
R6,R16______________2K2 1/4W Resistors
R7__________________5K6 1/4W Resistor
R8,R21____________330R 1/4W Resistors
R9_________________47K 1/4W Resistor
R10_______________470R 1/4W Resistor
R11_________________4K7 1/4W Resistor
R12,R20____________10K 1/4W Resistors
R13_______________100R 1/4W Resistor
R14,R15____________47R 1/4W Resistors
R17,R18,R19_______100K 1/4W Resistors
R22__________________6K8 1W Resistor
R23,R25_____________470R 1/4W Resistors
R24__________________2K 1/2W Trimmer Cermet
R26,R27_______________4K7 1/2W Resistors
R28________________220R 1/2W Resistor
R29__________________2K2 1/2W Resistor
R30_________________50K 1/2W Trimmer Cermet
R31________________68K 1/4W Resistor
R32,R33______________R47 4W Wirewound Resistors


C1,C4,C5,C6________10µF 63V Electrolytic Capacitors
C2_________________47µF 63V Electrolytic Capacitor
C3_________________47pF 63V Ceramic Capacitor
C7_________________15nF 63V Polyester Capacitor
C8_________________22nF 63V Polyester Capacitor
C9________________470nF 63V Polyester Capacitor
C10,C11,C12________10µF 63V Electrolytic Capacitors
C13_______________220µF 63V Electrolytic Capacitor
C14,C15,C17,C18________47µF 63V Electrolytic Capacitors
C16________________100µF 25V Electrolytic Capacitor
C19_________________33pF 63V Ceramic Capacitor
C20_______________1000µF 50V Electrolytic Capacitor

P1,P2______________10K   Potentiometers
P3_________________10K   Potentiometer

D1,D2____________BAT46   100V 150mA Schottky-barrier Diodes
D3_________________LED

Q1,Q3____________BC546    NPN Transistors
Q2_______________BC556    PNP Transistor
Q4,Q5____________BD139    80V 1.5A NPN Transistors
Q6_____________MJ11016   120V 30A NPN Darlington Transistor
Q7_____________MJ11015   120V 30A PNP Darlington Transistor

J1,J2___________6.3mm. Mono Jack sockets
SW1,SW2___________SPST Switches
SPKR______________speakers  8 or 4 Ohm with Minimum power 75W

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Rangkaian Decoder Seven Segmen 5 Bit

This decoder circuit also serves to change the 5-bit binary numbers to decimal to be displayed by seven segments. This decoder has a 5 pin input PA, PB, PC, PD PE and 14 pin output marked a, b, c, d, e, f and g.

For example, if the input PA, PB, PC, PD, PE = 11 01 0, then after the translated by the decoder will produce numbers a, b, c, d, e, f, g (MSD) = 10 0 1 1 1 1 and a, b, c, d, e, f, g (LSB) = 0 0 1 0 0 1 0. These numbers indicate that the negative pole (cathode) of the LED in a particular segment of a low voltage bias (0) so that the lights forming the number "12" on the seven-segment display devices. For more details can be seen in the picture

Rangkaian Decoder Seven Segmen 5 Bit

In the circuit above using Seven Segment (7 Segment ) commond anode type. The principle works is, if the input pin Seven Segment a, b, c, d, e, f, g given voltage 0 volts, the LED on the Seven Segment props will be forward biased and turned to form a specific figure.

The seven segments can also be supplied with higher voltage (up to 18 V) but you have to replace the R 22 ohm with a greater value; morever, a suitable mast Rext be Chosen

Here is the truth table of the IC TDA4092 decoder

Absolute maximum rating IC TDA4092

• Supply voltage…………….... 10 V
• Input voltage……………….. .10 V
• Off state output voltage…...... 20 V
• Output current………………. 22 V
• Total power dissipation ….. ... 0.8 mW
• Storage and junction storage… -25 to 150 C
• Operating temperature………. 0 to 70 C

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Rangkaian Dimmer (Pengatur Contras Lampu 220V)

Dimmers circuit useful to control the lighting of a lamp level (brightness control) by regulating voltage Vrms (root mean square voltage). Most Interior or Lighting Design Consultant must include dimmers on each of their design, because their system with dimmers can regulate mood and color of a room with more perfect.

Skema Rangkaian Dimmer (Pengatur Contras Lampu 220V)

dimmer circuit graph

This circuit is typical of a high-end leading-edge dimmers. C1 and L1 are for RF interference suppression. The circuit operates by utilising the phase shift created by VR1, C2, R1 and C3. This network delays the signal applied to DB1 (a bidirectional breakdown diode called a DIAC). When the voltage exceeds the 30V (typical) breakdown voltage of the DIAC, it Conducts fully and the charge in C3 is used to trigger the TRIAC. Once triggered, the triac will conduct fully until the current falls to near zero, at which time it turns off again. This process is repeated for every half-cycle of the mains voltage. The delay, turn-on and turn-off points are visible and indicated in the graph above.

Leading edge dimmers must never be used with a capacitive load (most electronic ballast circuits), because the very fast rise time of the voltage causes extremely high instantaneous current flow into the capacitor. Inductive loads (such as conventional iron-core transformers) are quite safe, since the inductance limits the rise time of the current to safe values.

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Rangkaian Power Amplifier Sound System 2000 Watt

This power amplifier circuit provides up to 2000Watt, it has to be said that this amplifier will blow up any speaker connected to it. I recommend this as a 'thought experiment', rather than actually doing it!. 110V RMS into 8 ohms is 1500 W. How long would you expect the speaker to last? Most will be toast within perhaps 30 seconds or less!

Skema rangkaian power amplifier sound system 2000 watt

The transistor Q5 (the bias servo transistor) is mounted on the heatsink, in excellent thermal contact. This is because, unlike most of my other designs, this amp uses conventional Darlington output configuration. It is necessary to use a Darlington arrangement (or a low power Darlington transistor as shown) for Q5 to ensure that the bias remains at a safe value with temperature. There is probably good cause to model and test this aspect of the design very carefully, because it is so important. The arrangement as shown will reduce quiescent current at elevated temperatures. For example, if total Iq at 24°C is 165mA, this will fall to ~40mA at 70°C. This is probably fine, because there is some delay between the a power 'surge' and the output transistors transferring their heat to the bias servo via the heatsink.

The power supply needed for an amp of this size is massive. Grown welding machines will look at it and cry. For intermittent operation, you need a minimum of a 1000VA transformer (or 1500VA for the 2000W version), and it will have to be custom made because of the voltages used. If you expect to run the amp at continuous high power, then transformers should be 2kVA and 3000VA respectively. Filter capacitors will pose a problem - because you need caps rated for 150V, these will be hard to find. Because high voltage high value caps can be difficult to find, it may be necessary to use two electros in series for each capacitor location. This is the arrangement shown. You must include the resistors in parallel - these equalise the voltage across each capacitor so that they have the same voltage. Remember to verify the ripple current rating! This can be expected to be over 10A, and under-rated capacitors will blow up.

Skema Rangkaian Power Supplay 2000 VA

WARNING

This project describes an amplifier, power supply and tests procedures that are all inherently dangerous. Nothing described in this article should even be considered unless you are fully experienced, know exactly what you are doing, and are willing to take full 100% responsibility for what you do. There are aspects of the design that may require analysis, fault-finding and/or modification

Source

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Rangkaian Audio Signal Injector|Tracer

This circuit can be used as a signal injector or signal tracer. This circuit is very helpful in trouble shooting audio circuits, when you need to test a circuit by injecting a signal and observe the output (by watching the oscilloscope or by hearing the loudspeaker ), or by tracing some points inside the circuit when an audio signal is applied to the input.

Skema Rangkaian Audio Signal Injector|Tracer

The circuit uses supply from 9 volts battery. An alligator clip is recommneded for the ground probes, so you can works with one hand to hold the board, and the other hand to target the test probes. The SPDT switch connected to the transitor and the earpiece is used to select the function, whether as a signal or a signal injector tracer.

Transistor 2n3904

This transistor is designed as a general purpose amplifier and switch. The useful dynamic range extends to 100 mA as a switch and to 100 MHz as an amplifier.

Transistor 2n3904 Pin

Absolute maximum rating

• Collector-Emitter Voltage 40 V
• Collector-Base Voltage 60 V
• Emitter-Base Voltage 6.0 V
• Collector Current - Continuous 200 mA
• Operating and Storage Junction Temperature Range -55 to +150 °C

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Rangkaian Pengukur Induktansi (Inductance Meter)

Inductor

An inductor is a passive electronic component that can store energy in magnetic fields generated by electric current through it. Inductor's ability to store magnetic energy is determined by induktansinya

Inductance (L) (measured in Henry) is the effect of the magnetic field formed around the current carrying conductor that is holding the current changes. The electric current through the conductor makes the magnetic field is proportional to the magnitude of the flow. Changes in the flow causes the magnetic field changes that result in the opposite electromotive force induced by GGL that are against changing the current.

Rangkaian Pengukur Induktansi (Inductance Meter )

This inductance meter is capable of measuring inductor value. Inductance meter is very helpful in designing coil by hand and measure the inductance from trial and error to get the required value. The Inductance meter is designed to provide twi measurement range. The low range will measure inductors with inductance value between 3uH to 500uH, and the high range will measure inductance values between 100uH and 5mH.

Skema Rangkaian Pengukur Induktansi

To calibrate this inductance meter adapter, connect a digital voltmeter, swith the voltmeter to 200 mV range, short the test probe and adjust the zero (R1) to give zero millivolt reading on your digital voltmeter. To calibrate the low range of this inductance meter adapter, switch the voltmeter to low range position, and select 2 V range for the digital voltmeter. Test a known inductor that has value around 400uH, adjust the low calibration pot to give correct reading of 1mV / uH. If you use a 400uH inductor then you must adjust the calibration to give exactly a 400mV reading. For high range calibration, switch the range selector to high position and use a known inductor around 5 mH, adjust the high calibration pot to give 100mV per mH. A 5 mH inductor should give a 500mV reading on your DVM.

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